Eczema is one of the most common chronic skin conditions that affects people of all age groups. It causes the skin to become red, itchy, dry, and inflamed, often leading to discomfort and irritation. While eczema is not contagious, it can have a major impact on daily life if not managed properly.
What is Eczema?
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is an inflammatory skin disorder where the skin’s protective barrier becomes weak. This makes the skin more sensitive to irritants, allergens, and environmental triggers. The condition often appears in childhood, but many adults also experience eczema flare-ups.
Types of Eczema
There are several forms of eczema, including:
Atopic Dermatitis: The most common type, linked with allergies and asthma.
Contact Dermatitis: Caused by direct contact with irritants like soap, chemicals, or cosmetics.
Dyshidrotic Eczema: Leads to small blisters on hands and feet.
Nummular Eczema: Round, coin-shaped patches of irritated skin.
Seborrheic Dermatitis: Affects oily areas like the scalp, face, and chest.
Common Symptoms of Eczema
Symptoms can vary from person to person, but the most common include:
Redness and itching
Dry, flaky, or scaly skin
Inflammation and swelling
Thickened or rough patches of skin
Small bumps or oozing lesions during flare-ups
Eczema usually appears on the hands, face, neck, elbows, knees, and ankles, but it can occur anywhere on the body.
Causes and Triggers of Eczema
Eczema is caused by a combination of genetic, immune system, and environmental factors. Common triggers include:
Allergens like pollen, dust, or pet dander
Harsh soaps, detergents, or chemicals
Stress and lack of sleep
Weather changes (extreme heat or cold)
Certain foods like dairy, nuts, or gluten
Infections or weak immunity
Treatment and Management of Eczema
While there is no permanent cure for eczema, it can be effectively managed with proper treatment:
Medical Treatments
Moisturizers: To hydrate and protect the skin barrier.
Topical Steroids or Ointments: Reduce inflammation and itching.
Antihistamines: Control severe itching.
Light Therapy (Phototherapy): Used for chronic cases.
Ayurvedic & Natural Approaches
Neem and Turmeric: Natural anti-inflammatory herbs.
Aloe Vera Gel: Soothes redness and itching.
Coconut Oil: Locks in moisture for dry skin.
Panchakarma Therapies: Such as Virechan and Raktamokshana for detoxification.
Lifestyle Tips
Keep skin moisturized daily.
Avoid scratching to prevent infections.
Wear cotton clothes instead of synthetic fabrics.
Reduce stress with yoga, meditation, and breathing exercises.
Identify and avoid personal triggers.
